Mary Stuart †Elizabeths Rival †English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)

Mary Stuart – Elizabeths Rival – English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Mary Stuart Elizabeths Rival Essay English Literature (100 Level Course) Mary Queen of Scots was Elizabeth’s great rival. She was very different from her cousin Elizabeth; she was a warm-blooded woman, who often yield ed to her private passions, and lacked the instinctive political skill and deep understanding of her people possessed by the queen of England.Mary Stuart was the grand-daughter of Henry VIII’s sister, Margaret, and next in succession after Elizabeth. She was sent to France in 1548, and in 1558 married the Dauphin of France, Francis II. In 1559 Francis became King of France, but he died in the following year. Mary returned to her country in 1561. When Mary had married the Dauphin, Scotland was still a Catholic country, but the great prelates were often corrupt and inefficient. The common people opposed the privileges and corrupt practices of the clergy, as well as the insolence of the French troops, who, in Mary’s absence, ruled Scotland as if it were a Protectorate of France. As the English had identified Catholicism with Spanish pride, so the Scots began to identify it with French insolence. This was the situation which John Knox, a Scottish Protestant reformer of Calvinistic tendency, was able to exploit by preaching the Protestant doctrines. He was successful because he had the help of many of the nobles, and of Queen Elizabeth, who was afraid of a Catholic Scotland. When Mary returned to Scotland, she thus found a Protestant country; she was nevertheless supported by the Catholic powers of France and Spain, who hoped that she would reintroduce Catholicism into Scotland, or that she would become Queen of England, if Elizabeth were declared illegitimate or died. For several years, however, Elizabeth did not interfere in the struggles between Mary, the Scottish nobles and John Knox. Mary would probably have been successful if she had been able to control her private life. But she married a descendant of the Tudors, Lord Darnley, who was mysteriously murdered in 1567. After three months, Mary then married a Scottish lord, the Earl of Bothwell, who was suspected of the murder of Darnley. Public opinion, the Pope, France and Spain abandoned the Queen. Many feudal lords took up arms against her. After some months of fighting, Mary was taken prisoner and deposed in favor of her son, James. She escaped from prison, and took refuge in England. Elizabeth kept her a virtual prisoner for nineteen years, from 1568 to 1587, but Mary became the centre of several plots. These were planned by Spain and by the extreme wing of the English Catholics, who wanted to see a Catholic queen on the throne of England again. Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, but the majority of the English were for their queen, and the Commons repeatedly asked for the execution of Mary. For many years Elizabeth refused, partly because Mary was her cousin, a woman and anointed queen. partly be cause she knew that Mary’s execution would lead to a war with Spain, which England could not yet afford- Only in February 1587, after the discovery of the latest plot, did Elizabeth consent to her cousin’s execution: on February 8, Mary was beheaded, a tragic figure in a great and tragic age. Research Papers on Mary Stuart - Elizabeth's Rival - English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)Quebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

A Comparison of Happiness and Power in Paradise Lost by John Milton and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen

A Comparison of Happiness and Power in Paradise Lost by John Milton and A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Happiness is a luxury only the powerful can afford. In light of this view compare representations of happiness and power in Paradise Lost and A Doll’s House. (30 marks) In both Paradise Lost and A Doll’s House, to say only those in power truly experience the luxury of happiness would be a somewhat reductive statement. Arguably, there are grounds to argue that Eve, as an embodiment of the weak woman in a patriarchal society, never receives the empowerment she desires, despite all efforts to strive for independence, knowledge and subsequently, happiness. Adam does, however, forgive her towards the end of the poem and their love becomes stronger, perhaps signifying a version of a happy ending. The title of the poem in the first place, however, ‘Paradise Lost’ suggests a loss of complete happiness and fulfilment and due to their own actions, Adam and Eve’s Utopia and Paradise is altered and corrupted. Like Eve, in A Doll’s House, Ibsen’s Nora symbolises the patriarchal stereotype of a supressed woman. Nora openly proclaims that she was never truly happy under the restrictions of her role as a housewife and a moth er, but as she leaves her family in search of herself she arguably becomes empowered. Despite the lack of resolution at the end we, the reader are given the impression that Nora will find, at least a happier life than the one by Torvald’s side. On the other hand, to say Nora’s abandonment of her family makes her powerful could be disputed considering the patriarchal context the play was written in. Nora perhaps does find happiness by leaving her family, but from a patriarchal point of view, for a woman to leave her ‘duties’ as a wife and a mother is a woman abandoning her purpose which, arguably, renders her weak and disempowered. Patriarchal and masculine power is a central theme to both texts which arguably leads to misery, not happiness as the repression of women causes their wives to ‘stray’ in seek of independence. Both men at some point lose the women that they love even if temporarily, thanks to their pride and desperation to hold onto patriarchal power. Arguably, Torvald plays up to this stereotype as the strong heroic protector wishing that ‘sometimes [†¦] some terrible danger might threaten [Nora] so [he] could offer [his] life [his] blood, everything for [her] sake.’ Nick Worrall argued that ‘his security depends on feeling superior,’; and as Torvald indulges in this patriarchal concept of a male hero, this statement rings true, portraying the idea that for a man to feel powerful, they must lure thus power and ‘superior[ity]’ over their wives. It appears, however, that Torvald’s words are false and empty as when faced with the opportuni ty to save his wife by providing the ‘miracle of miracles,’ it seems, he is unable to trade in his pride for the happiness of his marriage. Instead, he declares, ‘no man can be expected to sacrifice his honour, even for the person he loves.’ Arguably, Ibsen intended to use Torvald to represent the gender inequality in the time he was writing, and the importance of patriarchal male pride placed even above the importance of family and marital love. Perhaps by having Nora leave, Ibsen was trying to say that placing too much importance on being the stereotypical masculine figure and neglecting female rights would only lead to unhappiness. Arguably, this is seen where Torvald’s male pride leads to Nora’s realisation that he is not able to provide for her (haven’t you been happy here? / No; never. I used to think I was. But I haven’t ever been happy’) and consequently his misery as she abandons him in search of her freedom. Likewise, following Eve’s transgression (‘she plucked, she ate, earth felt the wound’) Adam is initially unable to put aside his masculine pride for the happiness of their relationship, and so despite maintaining power he does not seem to be presented as happy. This is made apparent when Adam’s address of Eve changes from ‘sole Eve’ to ‘ingrateful Eve’ as he blames and reprimands her: ‘bad woman.’ Like Torvald, Adam is unable to look past Eve’s transgression, which causes him to be bitter rather than happy as arguably, he is driven by his sexism and desire for power, and not his love. Weathers was of the opinion ‘that bitter antifeminism [†¦] accompanies young masculinity,’ a statement which seems to describe not only Adam’s behaviour, reflected by his twisted pet names but Torvald’s too as he also mocks Nora’s femininity with insulting remarks: ‘thoughtless woman.â⠂¬â„¢ In both texts, the male characters use the noun ‘woman’ to reprimand and mock their wife’s gender, arguably, to make themselves feel powerful and therefore happy. This attitude of male superiority was common in both contexts, but particularly in the 1600’s evidenced in Milton’s divorce tracts: ‘who can be ignorant that woman was created for man and not man for woman.’ Arguably, Milton’s views are expressed clearly through Paradise Lost as Eve is supressed and put back in her place, ‘safe and seemliest by her husband’s side’ and we are given the impression that had she listened to her husband, the fall would never have taken place: â€Å"Would thou hadst heartened to my words (Adam).† We see however, that this power, like with Torvald, does not bring happiness but anger and resentment and it is not until Adam is able to forgive his wife, and let go of his pride that he is able to pass the ‘tr ial of exceeding love’ and better their relationship. We see then that for both male characters in these texts, their desire for patriarchal power does not provide them with the luxury of happiness but pushes their wives away and makes them bitter and resentful. For Torvald, he is unable to rectify his relationship and is left at the end of the play miserable, and disempowered, but for Adam, despite the fall and his subsequent disempowerment, his relationship with Eve is reconstructed and we, the reader, is left with the impression that they are happy. On the other hand, the patriarchal stereotype categorises women as weak, yet in both texts, the female characters empower themselves by striving for independence, knowledge and happiness. Towards the end of A Doll’s house especially, we are given the impression that Nora will find happiness as she realises that she has ‘another duty which is equally sacred, a duty towards [herself].’ Jakovlievic argued that ‘Ibsen presents the image of a happy household infested with unhappy performatives’ but arguably, as the play draws to a close this image is shattered and the patriarchal pretences are revealed as Nora states: ‘you were never in love with me, you just thought it was fun to be in love with me.’ Nora’s realisation that her marriage is a faà §ade arguably leads to her decision to step away from her husband in search of independence, knowledge and the happiness those entail. It could be argued that Nora’s search for independ ence indicates Ibsen’s view as a humanist and as some have argued, a ‘proto feminist,’ who believed that it was not a ‘question of women’s rights’ but of ‘human rights.’It seems, however, that though Ibsen’s desire was for gender equality, Nora’s freedom would not have been genuinely possible in Ibsen’s contemporary society. Ibsen’s inspiration for Nora was a friend, Laura Keeler who when stepping out of the confining, patriarchal parameters, was punished by her husband and placed into a mental asylum. It seems then, that though we are given the impression of empowerment and happiness Nora’s journey is not a true representation of what was accessible for women in the 1800’s. Equally, Eve is repressed by the male figures in her society and expected to ‘study household good’ under the role of the 17th century ideal housewife. Like Ibsen’s, Milton’s ideology seems t o run through his text through the presentation of Eve as she is prohibited from gaining knowledge such power that comes with it. This seems to mirror Milton’s attitude towards women, who in his own life had forbidden his daughters from a full education. As a result, it seems that unlike Nora, Eve does not triumph in her search for independence but instead is laid with the consequences of the fall: pain in child birth, mortality and the gift to future generations of hereditary sin, ‘who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss.’ Despite these consequences, however, as book 9 commences one of Eve’s main arguments for ‘divid [ing their] labours’ is to escape the threat of the tempter, Satan (‘how are we happy, still in fear of harm.’) As Satan is the most penalised, admonished to hell, subject to the constant temptation of fruit that turns to ash, despite Eve’s inability to achieve independence, the removal and punishment of Satan does dissipate the perpetual fear of ‘the evil one’ and allow herself and Adam to live together in peace, harmony and happiness. Overall, we are given the impression that through a journey towards independence, Nora will find a sense of freedom and happiness in the future. Eve’s search for independence is not a source of empowerment as she is ladled with the consequences of the fall and forcibly placed back at her husband’s side, we do, however, get the impression that without power Eve is still able to find some peace and happiness, as the threat of Satan is no longer a genuine one and her relationship with Adam is reconciled. In conclusion, the men in these texts would have been expected by their contemporary audiences to wield masculine power as patriarchal figures. It seems however, that their desire to hold onto thus power restricts them from a happy life, as it drives their wives away in search of independence. Adam is able to reconcile with his wife and ultimately be happy again but arguably, Ibsen uses Torvald to suggest that those who are not willing to share their power will never be able to put aside their pride for the sake of love and happiness. The women in these texts demonstrate that independence and knowledge is a source of power and happiness, but where Nora is able to receive what appears to be a happy ending, Eve is put back in her place and ladled with the consequences of the fall. Eve, though completely disempowered does seem to find some sense of happiness, as she and Adam are able to reconcile their differences, and without the threat of Satan can live their lives in harmony.

Assignment 9 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

9 - Assignment Example Measured by Interviewing patients about how easy is it for them to obtain healthcare services, by assessing the utilization of the healthcare services and lastly structuralwherebypresence or absences of healthcare facilitating resources are assessed. The term cost may refer to the amount of money spent by a company in the production or creation of goods and services. Cost may also refer to the amount of money which is spent in production of good or product. Another meaning of cost is the total amount of money that the seller sets for a product which includes both cost of production and the added cost to make the profit. Quality measures are tools that track and measure the quality of healthcare services offered by eligible hospitals and professionals within the healthcare system. These tools use the data obtained from the healthcare provider’s ability to offer service. However, quality measures impact health care through measuring various aspects of patient such as health outcomes, patient safety, population and population health, clinical processes, and among others. There are several facts about medical tourism. First, medical tourism has been around for thousands of years. Second, there are 458 International hospitals in the Joint Commission around the world. Thirdly, one may spend less time at a hospital and a lot of time at the hotel during a medical trip. The fourth fact is that one’s companion can make a medical trip successful or can break it. It is cost saving. Also, it enables patients to receive high standard medical care not provided at their home countries. It also provides patients with an easy access to immediate medical care with less or zero time. Language and cultural barriers are disadvantageous to medical tourists. The legal permits and paperwork can be very demanding. Misinformation about the kind of treatments and their equivalent costs can destroy the whole objective of medical vacation. The health care

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Cowan Essay

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Cowan - Essay Example The central idea concentrates on the role of conflict in Organizations. Conflicts come under three categories: internal, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Proper management of conflict helps to improve efficiency and output of an Organization. Cowan points out that the key to success is to take advantage of conflict, not to yield. Difference in conflict resolution method used creates the difference between well and poorly managed conflict. The sources of conflict in an organization are: ideas, opinions and issues. Well managed conflicts fabricate positive change which reshapes the culture of an Organization. It is to be pointed out that conflict destroys trust among individuals, groups, and Organization. The work-‘Taking Charge of Organizational Conflict: A Guide to Managing Anger and Confrontation’ by David Cowan, points makes clear that:â€Å"Conflict has as much potential for producing positive results as it does for generating negative results.† (Cowan, 2003, p . 68) conflicts have the capacity to generate positive and negative results. The only difference is that how one confronts it. Next idea deals with the topic of understanding the nature of the conflict and how it affects one’s individuality. Evaluation of the conflict says that there is no good or bad conflict, but just conflict. When an Organization is diverse with manpower, there is high chance for conflict. But when diversity is considered as an asset, it is no more an issue. Cowan make clear that there is creative energy underlying most conflicts. So it is better to take advantage of conflict, not to ignore it. The next idea deals with the conditions that generate conflict, its dynamics and its organizational consequences. Cowan points out that dialogue is important in conflict resolution and it is essential to provide a medium for dialogue to deal with conflicts. During dialogue, listening plays an important role and is closely connected to conflict resolution strategy. In managing

my last dutchess character analyzing Essay -- essays research papers

My last Duchess â€Å"That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall, looking as if she were alive.† The duck of Ferrara starts his monologue with a sight of regret that raises the sympathy of the readers and makes them feel that he had lost his beloved wife and is very upset about that. However, in the next few sentences he reveals the dark side of his character and brings the readers to a realization that the Duck of Ferrara is not a noble gentle man. In fact, he is a hysteric murderer who has killed his wife and is very arrogant, possessive, and oppressive. Like many other renaissance Ducks, The duck of Ferrara is very arrogant and selfish. He is very proud of himself and his ancestors. He believes it is his wife’s privilege to be married with him and she should be thankful for â€Å"the gift of a nine-hundred –year’s-old name† that he gave her. The fact that â€Å"[his] favor at her breast, the dropping of the daylight in the west, the bough of cherries some officious fool broke in the orchard for her†¦all and each would draw from her alike the approving speech† disgusts him. He thinks he should be treated specially not like anyone else and with â€Å"Much the same smile,† but he can not stoop â€Å"to blame this sort of trifling.† Duck of Ferrara is very materialist, possessive and greedy. He has a sense of ownership and a strong desire to control everything. He thinks of his wife’s picture only as a fine art work and refers to it as â€Å"a piece of wonder.† Her pure emotions and sentimental nature ...

Critical Questions on Animal Farm

Critical Questions: Written Assignment 1 7. In Animal Farm the author George Orwell uses animals to represent the Russian revolution. One of the differences in the novel and the two films were old major’s death. In the novel he dies of natural causes however in the movies he calls a meeting to tell all the other animals about his point of view on the rights of animals and man. He teaches them the song (their anthem) â€Å"beats of England† and mr. Jones hears them all singing in the night and to settle them down he shoots his gun and accidentally shoots old major. Also, the way Napoleon punishes the chicken.In the novel he acts like the chicken betrayed the Animal farm and makes the dogs attack them. In the movies he thinks the same ways but instead of getting the dogs to attack, Napoleon hangs the chickens for all of Animal farm to see. Another difference is how the windmill gets ruined. In the novel, the first time it gets destroyed was when there was a huge storm tha t knocked it all over. The second time was during the second battle from the humans. The people place dynamite inside and blow it up. In the movies it only gets ruined once. That time was where mr.Jones and his wife decide to place dynamite and blow it up. These changes alter the overall message of Animal farm slightly. We can still see the same point trying to be proven in both Animal farm films and novel. 3. One of the minor characters from the novel would have to be Moses. Moses is a tame black raven in the novel. He is the one to spread around the stories of sugar candy Mountain. Sugar Candy Mountain in the book is the heaven to which Moses believes the animals from the farm go to once they die. Even though he is not a big role in Animal farm, he was very big importance.Animal Farm the author George Orwell uses Moses to show the others that death wouldn’t be such a bad thing. That if they die, it’s ok because they’re going to Sugar Candy Mountain. 6. In my o pinion if Snowball got rid of Napoleon instead of the other way around, the working and living situations would be completely different. Improved by a lot. Napoleon is the leader pig of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Napoleon uses his nine attack dogs (stolen dogs) to frighten the other animals and make them do as he says. Napoleon his a little more in to be the leader and in it for himself than his counterpart, Snowball.He challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Snowball seems to win the trust of the other animals and when Napoleon sees that he then takes part to get rid of his competition. I feel like if it were Snowball instead of Napoleon, the farm would have been closer to equality. In class we talked about an equal world and how it was impossible to completely obtain equality. Now if Snowball were to be the leader, it probably would have less usage of alcohol, tobacco†¦ Would have stayed tuck to all the 7 commandments. 4.Animal farm can be se en as a fable even though it does not have a moral stated at the end. Just because there was no moral stated it doesn’t mean there was no message Animal Farm author George Orwell was trying to get through. I believe that my own moral of this story would be that you cannot take and take and take and not expect to give. In the novel Animal farm and like most farms, the human would take all that that the animals could provide so that they could have benefits for themselves. This book made sense that the animals got fed up with it all.Then when the pigs got power, it wasn’t a surprise that they became to think the same as the humans. If it wasn’t for the death of all the animals, I feel like the animals would have treated the pigs as human and the same process would have happened. All because of greed. 2. I think that the Animal farm author George Orwell made readers sympathize with all the animals except for the pigs because even though they were the most intellige nt beasts in this case and the closest to the animals, old Major was a pig.That being, the pigs automatically became the first to have power. Once they saw the life of the human and got the ability to obtain so, they fell into the same old bad habits of taking, taking and taking without giving. They then turned into humans. If any other kind of animal would have been in their place the same thing most likely would have happened. For those reasons, the author did not chose to make the readers sympathize the author animals, it’s just the way it played out once the pigs got power and became humans.

Racial Discrimination Effect on Labor Market Essay

A number of factors such as age, gender, education level, and economic climate impact the rates of employment and average wages in the United States. Race and ethnicity are two additional characteristics, which –ostensibly – are not to be, considered in hiring and wage determination processes yet which continue to have tremendous effect on employment in this country. In an effort to better understand how these attributes contribute to the job climate, our term paper will examine the effects of ethnicity on wages and employment rates in the United States. The U.S. population is extremely diverse, including people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds such as Native Americans (mainly Whites), African Americans, Asian Americans and Hispanic†¦show more content†¦Minorities belonging to these groups have historically experienced difficulty being promoted to leadership or managerial positions, and have experienced high unemployment rates as a whole. While less recognized, reverse racial discrimination has also been reported in recent years, involving situations in which Whites complained of being racially discriminated against. As Affirmative Action and other initiatives sought to level the playing field and more equally represent racial minority groups in the job market, Whites began to feel as though their skin color was preventing employment. Affirmative Action, for example, resulted in a number of vocal Whites protesting that jobs were given to applicants belonging to the minority group even when White applicants possessed more qualifications. Interestingly, this directly mirrors the discrimination reported by non-Whites throughout the ages. The laws and movements against racial discrimination The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal for an employer to discriminate against an individual based on race, color, religion and sex. The Act also resulted in the formation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that sought to enforce laws preventing racial discrimination (Algernon). While the Civil Rights Act brought tremendous change to the face of the U.S. labor market, the spirit of the Act has yet to be fully realized and minority groups still experience discrimination in employment,Show MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Effect on Labor Market2767 Words   |  12 PagesThe earliest form of racial discrimination against Asian Americans was encountered during the California Gold Rush. The Gold Rush attracted Chinese immigrants who came to California to fill the high demand for laborers. However, as more and more Chinese immigrated to California and the lower-paying labor jobs were filled, the Chinese began filling higher-paying positions typically held by Whit es. 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